This question does not have a single correct answer for every case, but there are clear principles for you to make the right decision.
For most businesses, especially internal products or those with a tight budget, building everything from scratch is wasteful. Standing on a mature open platform like Google's Material or IBM's Carbon, and then applying a unique identity on top with a token layer (a customizable design value unit) is a more practical choice. Exception: when a consumer brand needs a truly deep identity or a unique experience that the platform cannot support, building from the ground up is worth the cost.
Before discussing technical details, you need to answer a foundational question: how different does your brand need to be compared to what users have seen in other products? That answer largely determines the direction for the design system.
An open system like Google's Material Design or IBM's Carbon is not just a beautiful interface to copy. It is a system that has already solved hundreds of foundational issues: keyboard navigation, WCAG standards (guidelines for accessibility for people with disabilities), mobile form behavior, data loading states. Rebuilding these from scratch takes a lot of time and is prone to omissions.
Creating entirely from scratch makes sense when the product requires a truly different experience that no existing platform provides, or when a consumer brand needs such deep visual identity that borrowing from outside becomes a barrier.
Design tokens according to the DTCG standard of W3C are the smallest value units in the system: colors, font styles, spacing, and corner shapes. When you intervene at the token layer instead of overriding the internal structure of a component, you achieve both: structure and behavior from the open foundation, and a purely identifiable visible layer of your own.
This is the direction Sinh Vũ typically recommends for mid-sized businesses, meaning not a simple internal product but also not needing an extreme identity that hinders the foundation.
Design tokens that are neutral according to DTCG standards allow for the separation of identity from the technical background. This way, you can borrow the component structure of an open system while still maintaining your own colors, typography, and spacing.
Design Tokens Community Group (DTCG), W3C
Sinh Vũ does not worship a fixed foundational system. The question is not "Material or Carbon or DIY" but rather "which layers can be borrowed, and which layers must be created separately." For most clients, the answer is: borrow architecture and the principles of approach, and create all token and visual layers separately.
Components are built according to the technology stack the client is using, which can be React, Vue, or Web Components, without forcing the client to adopt an unfamiliar stack just because the underlying system requires it. The ultimate goal is for you to own a self-sustaining internal system, independent of external vendors for each small operation.
Topic: Using existing templates or creating a design system from scratch. Sinh Vũ guide, sinhvu.com
Select each item you find appropriate, then print or save as PDF to take with you.
If you have marked most of the signs above, this is the time to discuss in more detail. Sinh Vũ can help you review and propose a direction.
Design Tokens Format Module, DTCG (W3C Community Group); IBM Carbon Design System; Material Design (Google); summary of Material vs Custom practices (Edana); practical experience from Sinh Vũ.
Yes, but with conditions. If you only change the button color and font at a superficial level, the result will still look very similar to the original system. To achieve a truly distinct identity, you must intervene from the token layer down: color, typography, spacing, and corner shapes. This task is not light, but it is still less than rebuilding everything from scratch.
Whether it is difficult or not depends on how much you have built upon the original system. If you build little, following the token layer, the upgrade is relatively straightforward. If you create many branches separate from the original foundation, each time they release a new version, it requires reworking. The principle: build on the token layer, not on the internal component structure.
A hybrid approach borrows the architecture and principles of an open platform (including WCAG accessibility standards) but replaces the entire visible layer with a unique identity. This is the approach Sinh Vũ often recommends as it balances launch speed, brand identity, and future maintainability.